ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong> (bioluminescence) \u2013 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\nPh\u00e1t Quang Sinh H\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1c G\u00ec V\u1edbi \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng Th\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/h3>\n
Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n hay m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t), ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng “\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh”. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Khoa H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1eb1ng Sau \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n
V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 luciferin<\/strong> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t enzyme g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 luciferase<\/strong>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a oxy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 ATP ho\u1eb7c ion canxi). Khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng photon \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n- Luciferin:<\/strong> L\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n, “nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u” t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. M\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i luciferin ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n
- Luciferase:<\/strong> L\u00e0 enzyme x\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, gi\u00fap ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
- Oxy:<\/strong> L\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 oxy h\u00f3a luciferin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c xanh ng\u1ecdc) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a luciferin v\u00e0 luciferase c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u00e0i. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i xa nh\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t quang \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Ai L\u00e0 “Ngh\u1ec7 S\u0129” T\u1ea1o N\u00ean \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng?<\/h3>\n
Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch “bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n” ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n
\n- T\u1ea3o ph\u00f9 du (Dinoflagellates):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129” ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “d\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0” tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7, m\u00e1i ch\u00e8o, ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi), ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m Pyrodinium bahamense<\/em> (\u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi) v\u00e0 Noctiluca scintillans<\/em> (\u1edf v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi).<\/li>\n
- Vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t quang:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng sinh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 thu h\u00fat con m\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee5y trang.<\/li>\n
- S\u1ee9a:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i s\u1ee9a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t quang, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh khi di chuy\u1ec3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ee9a pha l\u00ea Aequorea victoria<\/em>, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a protein hu\u1ef3nh quang xanh (GFP) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c nh\u1ecf (Ostracods):<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Vargula hilgendorfii<\/em> (umi-hotaru hay \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m bi\u1ec3n) \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u00e1t quang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1 v\u00e0 M\u1ef1c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t quang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, giao ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee5y trang trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch C\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1t S\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n
T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i “l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed” n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng? Ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n:<\/p>\n
\n- Ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i (phun ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u00e1t quang), c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “\u00e1o cho\u00e0ng” \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5y trang.<\/li>\n
- Thu h\u00fat con m\u1ed3i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “\u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng” ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 con m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
- Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Thu h\u00fat b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh trong m\u00f9a sinh s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
- Ng\u1ee5y trang:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a v\u00e0o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ebfn H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ec3 Chi\u00eam Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Bi\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1t S\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 “d\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n” th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua:<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1ea3o Vaadhoo, Maldives \u2013 “Bi\u1ec3n Sao” (Sea of Stars)<\/h3>\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi Maldives, thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea3o Vaadhoo, thu\u1ed9c Raa Atoll, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “Bi\u1ec3n Sao”. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng tr\u0103ng, khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u r\u00fat v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1ed7 v\u00e0o b\u1edd, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng m\u1ecbn b\u1ed7ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1m s\u00e1ng xanh bi\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n
\n- Sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ea3o dinoflagellates thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i Lingulodinium polyedrum<\/em> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 7 – th\u00e1ng 10) l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng tr\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n s\u1ebd in h\u1eb1n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n khi khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng ma m\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi “s\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n” \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc “c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. V\u1ecbnh Mosquito (Bah\u00eda Bioluminiscente), \u0110\u1ea3o Vieques, Puerto Rico<\/h3>\n
V\u1ecbnh Mosquito \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c Guinness th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao.<\/p>\n
\n- Sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> Lo\u00e0i dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense<\/em>, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh khi b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch.<\/li>\n
- Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> V\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o h\u1eb9p, bao quanh b\u1edfi r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, gi\u00fap gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n kayak v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. M\u1ed7i nh\u1ecbp m\u00e1i ch\u00e8o s\u1ebd khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng xanh neon r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
- L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong v\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Hermosa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Nam California, M\u1ef9<\/h3>\n
V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n Nam California, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Hermosa, Manhattan hay Laguna Beach, \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “s\u00f3ng xanh neon” ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n
\n- Sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 n\u1edf r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o dinoflagellates, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Lingulodinium polyedrum<\/em>.<\/li>\n
- Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “Th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf”:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y do m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3o c\u1ef1c cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a thu, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tin t\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. V\u1ecbnh Jervis, New South Wales, \u00dac<\/h3>\n
V\u1ecbnh Jervis, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00dac, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ebfm hoi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 k\u00e9m c\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
\n- Sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ea3o dinoflagellates.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n (cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u Nam, kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 5 – th\u00e1ng 8). Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> Khi t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng n\u1edf r\u1ed9, t\u1eebng con s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o b\u1edd s\u1ebd l\u00f3e l\u00ean \u00e1nh xanh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng xanh bi\u1ebfc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5. B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Okayama ho\u1eb7c V\u1ecbnh Toyama, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u2013 Umi-hotaru v\u00e0 M\u1ef1c \u0110om \u0110\u00f3m<\/h3>\n
Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\n- Umi-hotaru (\u0110om \u0111\u00f3m bi\u1ec3n – Vargula hilgendorfii<\/em>):<\/strong> T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n quanh Okayama v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y (ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 3 mm). Khi b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd phun ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u00e1t quang m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi thu th\u1eadp ch\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh “\u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng” t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- M\u1ef1c \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m (Hotaru Ika – Watasenia scintillans<\/em>):<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Toyama. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a sinh s\u1ea3n (kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5), h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u con m\u1ef1c \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m s\u1ebd b\u01a1i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh bi\u1ebfc lung linh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00e1c tour thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6. Laguna Grande, Fajardo, Puerto Rico<\/h3>\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh V\u1ecbnh Mosquito, Puerto Rico c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Laguna Grande. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng V\u1ecbnh Mosquito, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
\n- Sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> C\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense<\/em>.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 V\u1ecbnh Mosquito, ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n kayak qua khu r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0o Laguna Grande l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng xanh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nh\u1ecbp m\u00e1i ch\u00e8o v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1 b\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1edbt qua.<\/li>\n
- S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> Laguna Grande l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh h\u1eb9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 sinh v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
7. Luminous Lagoon, Falmouth, Jamaica<\/h3>\n
Luminous Lagoon \u1edf Jamaica l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n gh\u00e9 th\u0103m.<\/p>\n
\n- Sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> C\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense<\/em>.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt:<\/strong> L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 n\u01a1i s\u00f4ng Martha Brae g\u1eb7p bi\u1ec3n Caribbean. S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n phong ph\u00fa, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t quang.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u1eddi Khuy\u00ean T\u1eeb Chuy\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ec3 Chi\u00eam Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Bi\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1t S\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb khi s\u0103n t\u00ecm “d\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n”, \u0110\u1ed2NG GIAO Hotels & Restaurants xin chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n:<\/p>\n
1. Th\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec3m L\u00e0 Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n\n- \u0110\u00eam Kh\u00f4ng Tr\u0103ng (Tr\u0103ng Non):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t quang. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ecbch \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng non ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam m\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng l\u1eb7n s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec3m Trong N\u0103m:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Maldives, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea7u thu; \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m l\u00e0 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. H\u00e3y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec3m Trong \u0110\u00eam:<\/strong> C\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam, tr\u1eddi c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi Ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eddi trong, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2y. M\u00e2y d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n y\u00ean t\u0129nh, \u00edt s\u00f3ng c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ec5 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Tr\u1ea3i Nghi\u1ec7m Quan S\u00e1t<\/h3>\n\n- Tr\u00e1nh \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o:<\/strong>\n
\n- Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n pin ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n flash:<\/strong> \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t quang ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- T\u1eaft m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i\/m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u0169ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ec3 M\u1eaft Th\u00edch Nghi V\u1edbi B\u00f3ng T\u1ed1i:<\/strong> Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 15-30 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng sau khi m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ecm N\u01a1i T\u1ed1i Nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e8n nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xa khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. L\u1eddi Khuy\u00ean Ch\u1ee5p \u1ea2nh<\/h3>\n
Ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 thi n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n
\n- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh DSLR ho\u1eb7c Mirrorless:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y (Tripod):<\/strong> B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
- \u1ed0ng k\u00ednh g\u00f3c r\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn (f\/2.8 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n):<\/strong> Gi\u00fap thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng:<\/strong>\n
\n- ISO cao:<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ISO 1600-3200 ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec5u).<\/li>\n
- T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0n tr\u1eadp ch\u1eadm:<\/strong> Kho\u1ea3ng 15-30 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n
- L\u1ea5y n\u00e9t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng (Manual Focus) v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c:<\/strong> Trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Ch\u1ee5p th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n